ARCHERY COMPETITION INFORMATION
Modern competitive archery
Competitive archery involves sending arrows at a target for accuracy from a set
distance or distances.
While people have no doubt been competing with bows for millennia, the first
recorded archery competitions began around 1583 in England. Archery has been an
Olympic sport since 1900, with some interruptions. Recently the Koreans have
dominated the event, especially the women's divisions. At the Sydney 2000 games,
the Korean women won bronze, silver and gold in the individual competition and
won gold in the team event. The Korean men have not fared so well in Olympic
competition but still produce good results. As of October 2004, every record in
the men's and women's open divisions are held by Korea. It should be noted that
the Koreans stick primarily to outdoor competition, particularly the 70 m
Olympic distance. Indoor distances tend to be dominated by European and American
archers.
Modern competitive archery is governed by the International Archery Association,
abbreviated FITA (Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc). Olympic rules are
derived from FITA rules.
Rules
Archery competitions may be held indoors or outdoors. Indoor distances are 18 m
and 25 m. Outdoor distances range from 30 m to 90 m (for senior archers, juniors
can use closer distances), with 70 m being used in the Olympic Games. Most
outdoor competitions consist of several distances.
Competition is divided into ends. An archer sends between 3 and 6 arrows per
end, depending on the type of round. After each end, the competitors walk to the
target to score and retrieve their arrows. There are 20 ends of 3 arrows in a
round of indoor competition. Outdoor competition varies, but outdoor rounds
generally involve more arrows. All competitors must wait for the
command to begin and retrieve.
Archers have a set time limit in which to send their arrows. For indoor
competition, this is 2 minutes. Signalling devices such as lights and flags
inform the archers when time is up. Much attention is paid to order and safety.
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Scoring
These arrows score as an inner 10, and a 9 Targets are marked with 10 evenly
spaced concentric rings, which have score values from 1 through 10 assigned to
them. In addition, there is an inner 10 ring, sometimes called the X ring. This
becomes the 10 ring at indoor compound competitions. Outdoors, it serves as a
tiebreaker with the archer scoring the most number of X's winning. In FITA
archery, targets are coloured as follows:
1 ring & 2 ring - white
3 ring & 4 ring - black
5 ring & 6 ring - blue
7 ring & 8 ring - red
9 ring & 10 ring - gold
Archers score each end by summing the scores for their arrows. Line cutters are
awarded the higher score. Values scored by each arrow are recorded on a score
sheet and must be written in descending order (e.g. if an archer scores 5, 7, 6,
10, 9, 8, this must be recorded as 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5.).
However, in the imperial method of scoring, the coloured bands are counted 1, 3,
5, 7, 9. The lowest score is for all the white on the target face and the 9 for
any gold. Arrows are sent 'ends' of three with six arrows being released
before each count. When a dozen arrows have been sent, the scorer will add up
the miss rates, the number of golds and the total score. This will then be
repeated a certain number of times depending on the tournament type.
During competition, there are usually at least two archers per target. This is
to allow for "double scoring", a system where two archers will record and sum
all scores on individual sheets. This is done to prevent any errors. During and
before scoring no one is allowed to touch the arrows. After scoring, each hole
is marked before arrows are retrieved. In the event of a "pass through" (the
arrow passes straight through the target) or "bouncer" (arrow hits the target
and bounces out), points may be awarded to an unmarked hole.
Different rounds and distances use different size target faces. Common sizes
(and example rounds they are used in) are:
40 cm (18m FITA Indoor)
60 cm (25m FITA Indoor)
80 cm (30m and 50m FITA)
122 cm (70m and 90m FITA)
122 cm faces are used in Olympic competition. There are also versions of the
40cm and 60cm targets known as the "3 Spot". The targets contain 3 instances of
the inner 5 rings of the 40cm and 60cm faces arranged in a line or an
equilateral triangle.
Other competition
Field Archery involves targets of varying and unmarked distance, often in rough
terrain. 3D archery focuses on life-size models of
game.
Clout Archery (G.N.A.S. rules in the United Kingdom) Similar to target archery,
except that the archer attempts to drop arrows at long range (180 yards for the
men and 140 yards for women) into a group of concentric circular scoring zones
on the ground surrounding a marker flag. The flag is 12 inches square and is
fixed to a stick. The flag should be as near to the ground as is practicable.
Archers send 'ends' of six arrows then, when given the signal to do so, archers
proceed to the target area.
Scoring. A 'rope' with a loop on the end is placed over the flag stick. This
rope is divided into the scoring zones of the target: Gold (5 points), Red (4
points), Blue (3 points), Black (2 points) and White (1 point). The rope is
'walked' around the target area and arrows falling within a particular scoring
zone are withdrawn and,on completion of the full circle, are laid out on the
rope on the corresponding colours. The designated scorer would then call out the
archers' names and the archers would (in turn) call out their scores as they
pick up their arrows.
A Clout round usually consists of 36 arrows. Clout tournaments are usually a
'Double Clout' round (36 arrows shot twice). They can be shot in one direction
(one way) or both directions (two way).
All bow types may compete (longbows, recurve, barebow and compound). There are
shorter distances for juniors depending on age.
Roving Marks A number of marks or flags are set out in an area. Archers send
arrows
from a start point at an elected mark attempting to drop arrows as close as
possible. The archer coming closest to the elected mark scores and
selects the next mark. Ranges vary. The furthest 'Finsbury' mark is 13 score and
5 (265) yards. When England was a less crowded, country roving marks was a
popular pastime and military training. Marks would have been artificial markers
or natural features such as tussocks of grass or tree stumps. Roving marks
normally use English Longbows.
Flight Archery. Flight Archery can only take place where space permits since
archers compete for sheer distance. Archers send a number of arrows
and then search for the one which has gone the farthest, marking it with an
identifiable marker. At the end of the round, archers stand or sit by their
furthest arrows while judges measure the distances. There are many
classes, depending on the type of bow and its draw force.
The source of this article is
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this
article is licensed under the
GFDL
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