CALCIUM INFORMATION
Calcium is essential in muscle contraction, building strong bones and teeth, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, regulating heartbeat, and fluid balance within cells.
50%-75% of calcium comes from the dairy intake in daily diets.
Most Americans do not consume the 1,200 mg of calcium per day that is needed.
The Calcium-40 isotope has a nucleus of 20 Protons and 20 Neutrons. Calcium has 20 electrons distributed as follows: 2 in the K shell (principal quantum number 1), 8 in the L shell (principal quantum number 2), 8 in the M shell (principal quantum number 3), and 2 in the N shell (principal quantum number 4). The outer shell is the valence shell, with 2 electrons in the lone 4s orbital, the 3 p orbitals being empty. See also electron configuration.
Calcium cannot be found alone in nature. Calcium is found mostly as limestone, gypsum and fluorite. Stalagmites and stalactites contain calcium carbonate.
Applications
Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. Its minor deficit can affect bone and teeth formation, while over-retention can cause kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products are a well known source of calcium. However, some individuals are allergic to dairy and even more people, particularly those of non-European descent, are lactose-intolerant, leaving them unable to consume dairy.
Fortunately, many other good sources of calcium exist.
This includes seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like
almonds and sesame), beans; seafood such as oysters and shrimp; softboned fish;
amaranth; whole wheat; greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; and fortified products
such as orange juice and bread.
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